An animal model in rat for secondary osteoporosis: the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, low calcium diet, and immobilization on tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PINP) levels
Aim Osteoporosis is a global health concern, characterized by reduced bone density, microarchitectural changes, and an increased risk of fractures. The prevalence of osteoporosis is rising, particularly in developing countries. In Indonesia, the incidence of upper femur fractures due to osteoporosis is notably high. As human studies are limited, an...
By Panji Sananta, Respati Suryanto Dradjat, Istan Irmansyah Irsan, Andhika Yudistira, Aditya Rosid Dwi Anwar
Surgical treatment and outcome of spinal arteriovenous malformations
Aim A rare and diverse set of abnormalities formed by spinal blood arteries known as spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has a higher risk of haemorrhage and morbidity, causing the shunting of blood from veins with an aberrant capillary bed to arteries. Knowledge of the vascular anatomy of spinal AVMs and the spinal cord's vascular supply is ...
By Andhika Yudistira, Syaifullah Asmiragani, Ery Satriawan Muammar